Water Quality Assessment Of Kagina River

Abstract

The present study focuses on the assessment of the water quality of the Kagina River to evaluate its suitability for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. Water samples were collected from multiple locations along the river course during different periods to account for spatial and seasonal variations. Standard physicochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total hardness, and chlorides were analyzed following the guidelines prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The Water Quality Index (WQI) method was used to interpret the overall water quality status. The results revealed that some parameters exceeded permissible limits at certain stretches, primarily due to domestic sewage discharge, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents. The study highlights the need for effective wastewater management practices, regular monitoring, and community awareness to restore and maintain the ecological health of the Kagina River.