Single Superphosphate Induced Toxicity and Behaviour of Channa striata Under Laboratory Conditions

Abstract

Recent concerns have arisen regarding the dangers of fertiliser contamination, particularly the impact of high concentrations of diammonium phosphate and single superphosphate (SSP) on aquatic ecosystems. This study examined the mortality rates and behavioral changes in Channa striata exposed to SSP. Static bioassay tests indicated an LC50 value of 4.48 mg/l for SSP after 96 hours, with the lowest observed mortality concentration at 2 mg/l and the first recorded death at 4 mg/l after 24 hours. Notable behavioral changes included restlessness, erratic swimming, and lethargy, while morphological changes involved skin discoloration, scale loss, and increased mucus secretion. These findings suggest that Channa striata serves as an effective bio-indicator for detecting heavy metal contamination in freshwater environments.