Comparative Seismic Performance of a G+20 RCC Residential Building in Seismic Zones I, III, IV, and V of India Using ETABS

Abstract

The rapid urbanization of Indian cities has necessitated the construction of high-rise reinforced concrete (RCC) buildings that are both functional and resilient against seismic hazards. This study presents the structural analysis and design of a G+20 residential building, with all members conservatively proportioned to satisfy the demands of Seismic Zone V as per IS 1893 (Part 1):2016 and IS 456:2000. The building is modeled and analyzed using ETABS software, with emphasis on lateral load resistance, inter-storey drift control, and overall stability under earthquake loading. Comparative evaluation of seismic responses across Zones II–V is carried out, focusing on parameters such as base shear, storey shear distribution, displacement profile, and fundamental time period. The results highlight the progressive increase in seismic demand with higher zone classification, while demonstrating that conservative Zone V design ensures adequate safety margins across all zones. The study underscores the importance of robust member sizing, ductile detailing, and adherence to codal provisions in achieving earthquake-resistant design for high-rise RCC structures. The findings contribute to safer urban infrastructure development and provide a reference framework for future design of tall residential buildings in seismically active regions.

 The increasing demand for vertical expansion in urban India has made high‑rise reinforced concrete (RCC) buildings a common solution to the challenges of limited land availability. However, the vulnerability of tall structures to seismic forces necessitates a rigorous approach to earthquake‑resistant design. This study focuses on the structural analysis and design of a G+20 RCC residential building, with all structural members conservatively proportioned to satisfy the requirements of Seismic Zone V, the most severe classification under IS 1893 (Part 1):2016. By adopting the highest seismic zone as the governing design basis, the building is ensured to remain safe and serviceable across all other zones (II–IV), thereby providing a robust margin of safety.